M?t s? th??ng tin v?? ??a l?? Vi?t Nam
T??n n??c : C??NG HO?? X?? H??I CH? NGH??A VI?T NAM
Th? ??? : H? N?i
V? tr? ??a l?? : (????t li??n)
Kinh ?? : t? 102 o O9' ????n 109 o 30' ????ng
V? ?? : t? 8 o 10' ????n 23 o 24' B???c
Di?n t?ch ????t li??n : 331.690 km2
Kho???ng c??ch (????ng chim bay) gi??a hai ?i??m c?c nam v? b???c : 1.650 km
Kho???ng c??ch ????ng-T??y t?i ?a: 600 km (B???c B?), 400 km (Nam B?); t?i thi??u: 50 km (Qu???ng B?nh, Trung B?).
D??n s? : H??n 80 tri?u ng???i (2002) trong ??? n?? chi???m 51%, nam 49%.
????n v? h?nh ch?nh : G?m 64 t?nh v? th?nh ph? tr?c thu?c trung ???ng (H? N?i, TP H? Ch? Minh, H???i Ph??ng, ??? N??ng)
????c ?i??m ??a l?? :
+ N??i, ??i: N??i v? cao nguy??n chi???m 3/4 di?n t?ch l??nh th?. H? th?ng n??i k?o d?i t? bi??n gi?i T??y- B???c ????n ph??n ???ng c?a Nam B?, d?i t?ng c?ng 1.400 km.
???nh n??i cao nh???t: Fan Si Pan cao 3.143 m.
+ ???ng b??ng:
???ng b??ng s??ng H?ng: 15.000 km2.
???ng b??ngs??ng C?u Long: 40.000 km2.
+ Nh??ng s??ng ch?nh: T?ng chi??u d?i c??c con s??ng l? 41.000 km v?i t?ng l?u l???ng g??n 300 t? m3 n??c v? 3.100 km k??nh r???ch.
S??ng H?ng d?i 1.149 km trong ??? 510 km ch???y tr??n l??nh th? Vi?t Nam.
S??ng M?? k??ng (C?u Long) d?i 4.220 km trong ??? 220 km ch???y tr??n l??nh th? Vi?t Nam.
????c ?i??m kh? h??u : Vi?t Nam ho?n to?n n??m trong v??ng nhi?t ??i gi?? m??a v?i c??c ???c ?i??m kh? h??u n??ng ??m, m?a nhi??u v? m?a theo m??a.
+ Nhi?t ??:
+ L???ng m?a: (trung b?nh trong n??m)
H? N?i : 1.763 mm.
Hu??? : 2.867 mm.
Tp H? Ch? Minh : 1.910 mm.
+ ??? ??m trung b?nh v???t 80%, th??m ch? 90% trong m??a m?a v? th??i k?? c?? m?a ph??n.
Giao th??ng:
+ ?????ng b?: 86.327 km (1995); Kho???ng c??ch ch?nh (????ng b?):
* H? N?i-TP H? Ch? Minh : 1.738 km
* H? N?i-??i?n Bi??n Ph? : 474 km
* H? N?i-H???i Ph??ng : 102 km
* H? N?i-Hu??? : 654 km
+ ?????ng s???t: 3.219 km (1995), g?m 5 tuy???n.
+ ?????ng h?ng kh??ng: H??ng h?ng kh??ng qu?c gia Vi?t Nam (VietnamAirlines) c?? 17 ????ng bay qu?c t???, v? 16 ????ng bay n?i ??a. C??c s??n bay l?n: N?i B?i (H? N?i), T??n S??n Nh???t (TP.HCM) , ??? N??ng, Ph?? B?i (Hu???), C??t bi (H???i Ph??ng), ??i?n bi??n (Lai ch??u), Vinh (Ngh? An), Nha Trang, C??n Th??...
+ M?t s? c???ng bi??n ch?nh: H??n Gai, H???i Ph??ng, ??? N??ng, Qui Nh??n, Cam Ranh, V?ng T?u, S?i G??n ...
???a h?nh Vi?t Nam c?? h?nh ch?? S n??m ?? ph?a ???ng b??n ????o ????ng D???ng, gi??a v??ng ????ng Nam ??, ph?a B???c gi??p Trung Qu?c, ph?a T??y gi??p L?o v? Campuchia, ph?a ????ng v? Nam gi??p bi??n. Ph??n l?n di?n t?ch l??nh th? Vi?t Nam c?? ??a h?nh ??i n??i t??p trung ?? ph?a B???c v? ph?a T??y; c??c ??ng b??ng n??m ch? y???u ?? ph?a ????ng v? ph?a Nam l??nh th?. V??ng bi??n c?a Vi?t Nam chi???m di?n t?ch kho???ng 1.000.000 km2, b?? bi??n tr???i d?i h??n 3000 km, n??m d??c bi??n ????ng c?a Th??i B?nh D???ng. C??c v??ng n??i v? bi??n n?y ch?a nhi??u ngu?n t?i nguy??n v? kho??ng s???n ?a d???ng phong ph??.
Ph?a T??y Nam mi??n Trung Vi?t Nam l? m?t cao nguy??n r?ng l?n ?? ?? cao tr??n 1000 m, bao ph? b??i l?p ????t ??? bazan, r???t th?ch h??p v?i c??c c??y c??ng nghi?p v??ng nhi?t ??i v? ??n ho? (cao su, ch??, c? ph??, ca cao...).
D??c theo b?? bi??n Vi?t Nam, t? B???c xu?ng Nam, c?? nhi??u b??i bi??n ????p, ???c bi?t l? V?nh H??? Long v?i h??n 3000 h??n ????o, ????c UNESCO c??ng nh??n l? k?? quan thi??n nhi??n c?a th??? gi?i. Vi?t Nam c?? nhi??u khu r?ng nguy??n thu? c??n ch?a b? khai th??c v?i nhi??u lo?i ??ng , th?c v??t qu?? v? hi???m, nhi??u v??ng cao c?? kh? h??u ??n ho? v? phong c???nh ??c ???o nh? Sa Pa, ??? L???t... v? v?? s? h?, su?i, th??c v? hang ??ng ??c ???o...
C??c m?? kho??ng s???n nh? than ???, s???t, b??-x?t v? kim lo???i hi???m t??p trung ch? y???u ?? mi??n B???c v? mi??n Trung; tr??n th??m l??c ??a v? c??c v??ng ven bi??n c?? nhi??u m?? d??u v? kh? ??t. S??ng, h? v? c??c v??ng bi??n Vi?t Nam c?? nhi??u c?? t??m v? c??c lo???i h???i s???n.
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